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Research & Analysis

The fight against hate never rests. Get the latest up-to-date analysis on current events 
related to our work battling hate and extremism.

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14 Results

O-Slash Hitler Salute

Hate Symbol
O-Slash Hitler Salute
The o-slash Hitler salute is a typographical symbol or emoticon used to abstractly depict someone giving a Nazi or fascist salute.
Read more about O-Slash Hitler Salute

Never Lose Your Smile

Hate Symbol
Never Lose Your Smile
“Never Lose Your Smile” is a phrase that, when joined with the Totenkopf skull, is used as an in-joke or reference by white supremacists.

Alternate Names: NLYS

Never Lose Your Smile is a design/meme consisting of the phrase “Never Lose Your Smile” accompanied by the Totenkopf skull image or, more commonly, merely the bottom half of that skull, which obscures its true nature and thus allows the image to pass unnoticed as a white supremacist symbol. The deceptive nature of this design has also allowed extremists to sell clothing, patches, and other items featuring the image on major internet platforms without triggering moderation.

Some Never Lose Your Smile images may also contain the colors or designs of national flags. Other variations use Totenkopf imagery with a slightly different phrase, such as “Never Lose Your Love” or “Never Lose Your Hope.”

Some white supremacists have also used the phrase alone, without the skull, in circumstances such as screen names.  However, use of the phrase by itself without a clear white supremacist context should not be taken for granted as hate-related.

White supremacists likely borrowed this concept from older, non-extremist designs that combined the phrase with non-Totenkopf skull images. Use of the “Never Lose Your Smile” slogan in combination with generic skulls or other non-white supremacist images, such as generic clowns, should not be considered hate related.

Read more about Never Lose Your Smile

Double Roman Salute/Double Romans

Hate Symbol
Double Roman Salute/Double Romans
“Double Romans” refers to a two-handed variation of a Nazi or fascist salute.
Read more about Double Roman Salute/Double Romans

88

Hate Symbol
88
88 is a white supremacist numerical code for Heil Hitler. Read more about the meaning behind the numbers, as well as how it’s used in non-extremist forms.
Read more about 88

Imperial German Flag

Hate Symbol
Imperial German Flag
ALTERNATE NAMES: Imperial War Ensign, ReichskriegsflaggeBecause Germany has banned use of the swastika and other Nazi imagery, some German neo-Nazis use an older flag, taken from Imperial Germany, as a substitute for the Nazi flag. The imperial flag never originally had any racist or anti-Semitic meaning. Although most common in Germany, this usage of the imperial flag can also be found elsewhere in Europe and in the United States. Additional Images:
ALTERNATE NAMES: Imperial War Ensign, Reichskriegsflagge
Read more about Imperial German Flag

Life Rune

Hate Symbol
Life Rune
ALTERNATE NAMES: Elhaz Rune, Algis RuneNazi Germany appropriated many pre-Roman European symbols, such as runic symbols, in an attempt to glorify an idealized "Aryan/Norse" heritage. One of these was the so-called "life rune" (from the German Lebensrune), also known as the Elhaz or Algis rune. Elhaz means "elk" and in early Europe this symbol had meanings related to stags or hunting, as well as honor, nobility, or protection. The Nazis used the symbol in various contexts, including the SS's…
ALTERNATE NAMES: Elhaz Rune, Algis Rune
Read more about Life Rune

Othala Rune

Hate Symbol
Othala Rune
ALTERNATE NAMES: Othal Rune, Othila Rune, Odal Rune, Norse RuneThe othala rune is part of the runic alphabet system, a system of writing used (with many variations) across pre-Roman Europe. In the 20th century, Nazis in Germany adopted the othal rune, among many other similar symbols, as part of their attempt to reconstruct a mythic "Aryan" past. Nazi uses of the symbol included the divisional insignia of two Waffen SS divisions during World War II. Following World War II, white supremacists…
ALTERNATE NAMES: Othal Rune, Othila Rune, Odal Rune, Norse Rune
Read more about Othala Rune

Skrewdriver

Hate Symbol
Skrewdriver
Skrewdriver, long defunct, is the British white power music band that essentially created white power music as a genre. The band, and its deceased leader, Ian Stuart Donaldson, remain held in the highest esteem by white supremacists.
Read more about Skrewdriver

Sonnenrad

Hate Symbol
Sonnenrad
ALTERNATE NAMES: Black Sun The word “Sonnenrad” is German for “sunwheel.”  Generically, sunwheels constitute a large class of longstanding symbols that can vary significantly but which generally share the basic principle of several straight or crooked lines emanating from a central point or circle (thus being abstracted suns and sunrays).  Examples include sun crosses, triskeles/triskelions, kolovrats and swastikas, among others. Sunwheels of various kinds…

ALTERNATE NAMES: Black Sun

The word “Sonnenrad” is German for “sunwheel.”  Generically, sunwheels constitute a large class of longstanding symbols that can vary significantly but which generally share the basic principle of several straight or crooked lines emanating from a central point or circle (thus being abstracted suns and sunrays).  Examples include sun crosses, triskeles/triskelions, kolovrats and swastikas, among others. Sunwheels of various kinds appear in the traditional symbology of many countries and cultures, including Old Norse and Celtic cultures.

Most sunwheel designs are unrelated to hate or white supremacy, but some do have such associations in certain contexts, such as the swastika.  One specific sunwheel design, typically referred to as a “Sonnenrad” or “Black Sun” symbol, has a very specific association with white supremacy, having been invented by the Nazis in the 1930s. It first appeared as a mosaic in a castle in Wewelsburg in Germany that was owned and remodeled by Hitler’s SS.

Following World War II, neo-Nazis in Europe and elsewhere embraced the SS’s Sonnenrad symbol, giving it a new life.  In the U.S., its usage eventually spread beyond neo-Nazis to other types of white supremacists as well.  This Sonnenrad or Black Sun symbol consists of two concentric circles orbiting a center solid circle, with 12 evenly spaced lightning-bolt-like rays emanating from the center point.

While the center circle of the original design was filled or solid, modern white supremacists frequently swap out the solid circle for an additional hate symbol, often a runic symbol, swastika or some other neo-Nazi symbol.

Unlike many other types of sunwheel symbols, which may have a hate-related usage only in certain contexts, or not at all, the specific Nazi-derived Sonnenrad/Black Sun symbol is almost always used as a white supremacist symbol.

Read more about Sonnenrad

SS Bolts

Hate Symbol
SS Bolts
White supremacy and the SS Bolts. Find out the history of the neo-Nazi SS Bolts, and the current usage of one of the most powerful hate symbols in history.
ALTERNATE NAMES: Cracker Bolts, SS Lightning Bolts, Lightning Bolts
Read more about SS Bolts

Swastika

Hate Symbol
Swastika
The swastika is an ancient symbol used in many cultures that was adopted by Adolf Hitler and turned into a symbol of hatred. Since then, the swastika has become perhaps the most notorious hate symbol in Western culture.
Read more about Swastika

Wolfsangel

Hate Symbol
Wolfsangel
ALTERNATE NAMES: Wolf's Hook, DopplehakenThe Wolfsangel is an ancient runic symbol that was believed to be able to ward off wolves. Historically, it appeared in Germany in many places, ranging from guidestones on the sides of roads to heraldic use in the coats of arms of various towns; there is even a German city called Wolfsangel. Along with many other runic symbols, Nazi Germany appropriated the Wolfsangel. It appeared as part of the divisional insignia of several Waffen-SS units, including…
ALTERNATE NAMES: Wolf's Hook, Dopplehaken
Read more about Wolfsangel

Zyklon B

Hate Symbol
Zyklon B
Zyklon B was the name of the sodium-cyanide-based gas used to kill over a million victims, most of them Jews, in the death camps constructed by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Because of its association with killing Jews, Zyklon B has been adopted as a symbol by modern-day white supremacists, who often use it to make sick jokes about killing Jews. Additional Images:
Read more about Zyklon B

Nazi Party Flag

Hate Symbol
Nazi Party Flag
ALTERNATE NAMES: Nazi FlagThe flag of Nazi Germany has become one of the most potent hate symbols worldwide. It consists of a black swastika in a white circle over a red background (the colors are the same as the Imperial German flag). Originally developed as the flag of the Nazi Party in 1920, it also became the flag of Germany itself after the Nazis took power in 1933. Various elements of the Nazi government and Nazi Party developed many variations and forms of the basic Nazi flag. Since…
ALTERNATE NAMES: Nazi Flag
Read more about Nazi Party Flag
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